Najsiromašnije zemlje u Europi

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The poorest countries in Europe, ranked

15. Croatia
Croatia is part of the less wealthy group of EU countries. Per capita GDP is $22,888, with a purchasing power parity (PPP) of $40,740. The economy is heavily reliant on tourism, which experiences seasonal fluctuations. Regions further from the coast still have high unemployment and poverty rates, affecting the overall economy and GDP.

14. Hungary
Hungary, though not the poorest, has low income and high inflation. While GDP per capita is $23,194, the PPP stands higher at $40,620. About one-third of Hungarians find it difficult to cope with day-to-day expenses. Roughly 25-30% of the population is considered poor.

13. Romania
Romania is no longer among the poorest European countries, though it does come under the low-income group among EU members. It has a GDP of $19,566 with a high PPP of $40,600. Romania emerged from a harsh communist regime in the 1990s and suffered instability, slow reforms, and economic growth. In 2024, 3.59 million people were at risk of poverty, with one in five affected by it.

12. Latvia
Compared to some Western and Central European countries, Latvia has low income and economic development. The country’s GDP per capita is $24,529, while its PPP is at $39,260. Latvia has endured several economic crises in the past few decades, which reversed the progress made after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Some eastern regions continue to face poverty and high unemployment rates.

11. Slovakia
Although Slovakia is not considered to be a poor country, it has some areas and sections of society that suffer from poverty. It has an average GDP per capita of $25,719 and a PPP of $36,840.11. While western Slovakia is relatively wealthy, eastern and southern regions lag significantly behind. It is estimated that around 10% of Slovaks face the risk of poverty.

10. Greece
Greece has struggled economically in the last decade, and has debt that is 158.3% of its GDP. The country’s low income per person is reflected in a GDP per capita of $25,182 and a PPP of $$36,600. Greece has seen massive poverty and homelessness in the past. About 26% of the people are at risk of poverty.

9. Russia
Although Russia is one of the biggest economies, it has widespread poverty, underdevelopment, and inequality. This is reflected in a low GDP per capita of $14,284 and a PPP of $35,770. The majority of the wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few elite. About 14% of Russians, or about 20 million people, live below the poverty line.

8. Montenegro
Montenegro’s small domestic market limits the potential of its economy, making it one of Europe’s poorest countries. This nation’s GDP per capita is just $12,661, whereas its PPP is $$27,530. People earn an average net salary of $1,187, far below the EU average. Moreover, the economy is heavily reliant on tourism, with low off-season job availability.

7. Serbia
Although Serbia’s GDP has increased by 50% in the last decade, it still ranks seventh on the list. The country’s economic figures show a $12,240 GDP per capita and a PPP of $22,720. Serbia has seen a vast population move abroad for better opportunities. Bureaucracy, corruption, lack of opportunities, and low monthly salaries are some of the reasons.

6. Belarus
Belarus is considered to be one of the poorest countries in Europe. While the country’s GDP per capita stands at only $7,674, it has a purchasing power parity of $21,800. Its state-owned enterprises, which are uncompetitive and have failed to adapt to modern times, still contribute half of the GDP. The private sector remains largely undeveloped and under political constraints.

5. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was once a part of Yugoslavia, remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. It has a GDP per capita of $9,260, while its PPP is $20,220. The country still suffers from the devastation of the Bosnian War. It has a substantial number of unemployed youth (28%) and people living in absolute poverty (16%).

4. North Macedonia
North Macedonia ranks fourth on the list of the poorest countries in Europe. It has a GDP per capita of $8,751, while its PPP is $19,290. The country lacks natural resources, high-value generating industries, and a competitive economy. Many educated and talented individuals have emigrated due to corruption, inefficient governance, and bureaucracy, all of which have hampered economic growth.

3. Albania
Albania ranks third on the list. The GDP per capita is $9,176, and the PPP is $18,210. Albania suffered some of the worst economic crises and civil unrest in the 1990s. The effects are seen even today, where 17% of the population lives below the poverty line.

2. Moldova
Moldova is the second-poorest country in Europe. Its GDP per capita is $6,127, while the PPP is $15,310. It is estimated that 33% of the population lives below the poverty line. It is also one of the lowest net salaries per month, at about $885.

1. Ukraine
Ukraine is the poorest country in Europe. It has a GDP per capita of $4,847 and a PPP of $13,360. Ukraine’s economy has underperformed since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the Russian invasion of 2022, critical infrastructures have been destroyed, and economic recovery has been slow.

Dalo bi se ovome štošta prigovoriti - članak primjerice kaže da rangira europske zemlje prema BDP-u po stanovniku, korigiranom paritetom kupovne moći (PPP). To je razumna polazna točka, ali onda riječ poorest postaje problematična. BDP po stanovniku nije isto što i siromaštvo stanovništva. No zanimljivo je.

[Pastir]

Članak je pristojna popularna galerija, ali ne i ozbiljna analiza siromaštva Europe. Osnovna metrika — BDP po stanovniku uz PPP — legitimna je, ali naslov „najsiromašnije zemlje“ pretvara jednu ekonomsku mjeru u mnogo širu društvenu tvrdnju.

Za ozbiljniju sliku trebalo bi usporediti barem BDP po stanovniku (PPP), stvarnu individualnu potrošnju, medijalni raspoloživi dohodak, stopu rizika od siromaštva, troškove stanovanja, nejednakost, imovinu i zaduženost kućanstava... Tek tada bih bez rezerve rekao da je neka zemlja „siromašnija“ od druge.

[Pastir]

Ova rečenica mi je posebno tipična za popularni internetski tekst: „decades of Soviet communist rule and limited natural resources...“. Problem je što time gotovo sve istočno od nekadašnje željezne zavjese trpa u istu vreću. Hrvatska, primjerice, nije imala sovjetsku vlast. Jugoslavija je bila socijalistička država, ali je nakon raskida sa Staljinom vodila bitno drukčiji gospodarski i politički put. A još je važnije da su Hrvatska, BiH, Srbija i druge zemlje naslijedile posljedice raspada Jugoslavije, rata, uništenja infrastrukture, raseljavanja, prekida gospodarskih veza i tranzicijske privatizacije.

Moldavija ima potpuno drugu priču. Ukrajina treću. Albanija četvrtu. Dakle, „istočna Europa = komunizam = siromaštvo“ zgodna je novinarska formula, ali nije ozbiljna analiza.

[Stitch]

Za ozbiljniju sliku trebalo bi usporediti barem BDP po stanovniku (PPP), stvarnu individualnu potrošnju, medijalni raspoloživi dohodak, stopu rizika od siromaštva, troškove stanovanja, nejednakost, imovinu i zaduženost kućanstava... Tek tada bih bez rezerve rekao da je neka zemlja „siromašnija“ od druge.

Ako gledamo nominalni BDP po stanovniku, slika je drukčija nego kod PPP-a. Po aktualnim procjenama za 2025. pri dnu Europe nalaze se Ukrajina, Moldavija, BiH, Albanija, Sjeverna Makedonija itd. Hrvatska ima oko 27.000 USD nominalno po stanovniku.

https://www.worldometers.info/gdp/gdp-p ... &year=2025

Ali PPP pita otprilike koliko robe i usluga prosječno možeš kupiti za novac koji se stvara u toj zemlji. To je za usporedbu životnog standarda uglavnom bolja mjera. No ni ona nije savršena. Eurostat posebno razlikuje BDP po stanovniku od stvarne individualne potrošnje (AIC), koja može bolje opisivati materijalno blagostanje kućanstava.

https://www.euronews.com/business/2026/ ... ies-in-202

Opet, nisam ekonomist ni statističar pa linkove koje stavljam uzmi sa zrnom soli. Pretpostavljam da to nisu svi relevantni elementi potrebni za valjano izvođenje zaključka o europskom siromaštvu.

[Stitch]

I još nešto o formalno bogatim državama - najveća je ironija da BDP može lagati i na vrhu. Pogledaj Irsku. Po BDP-u po stanovniku ispada gotovo nevjerojatno bogata. Ali velik dio toga proizlazi iz prisutnosti multinacionalnih kompanija, intelektualnog vlasništva i dobiti koja se statistički evidentira u Irskoj, a ne ostaje nužno irskim kućanstvima. Eurostat i ekonomisti zato upozoravaju da irski BDP po stanovniku može ozbiljno precijeniti stvarni životni standard stanovništva. Sličan, premda drukčiji problem ima Luksemburg zbog golemog broja prekograničnih radnika.

Ako ista mjera može Irsku učiniti nestvarno bogatom, onda moramo biti oprezni i kad Moldaviju ili BiH naprečac proglašavamo najsiromašnijima.

[Pastir]

Ako ista mjera može Irsku učiniti nestvarno bogatom, onda moramo biti oprezni i kad Moldaviju ili BiH naprečac proglašavamo najsiromašnijima.

A Ukrajina?

Ona ima daleko veći dugoročni gospodarski potencijal od npr. Moldavije, ogromne resurse, industrijsku bazu i ljudski kapital, pa je ne bih nazvao inherentno drugom „najsiromašnijom nacijom Europe“. Ali danas, nakon razaranja infrastrukture, gubitka stanovništva, okupacije dijela teritorija i ratne ekonomije, realni životni standard je katastrofalno pogođen. Zato je trenutačno ovako nisko. Ovdje je rat presudan.

[Šabović Adis]

Bitno je bit bogat u duši!

[drug mile]

Ako ista mjera može Irsku učiniti nestvarno bogatom, onda moramo biti oprezni i kad Moldaviju ili BiH naprečac proglašavamo najsiromašnijima.

Kako siva ekonomija utječe na statistiku? Npr. ako se dosta razmjene odvija neregistrirano, onda zemlja može djelovati siromašno u statistikama, a da je kvaliteta života zapravo viša.

[Stitch]

Da, siva ekonomija može djelovati kao neka vrsta nevidljivog BDP-a, i to je jedan od razloga zašto statistička usporedba zemalja mora biti oprezna. No nacionalni statističari nisu baš toliko naivni da sve što nije prijavljeno jednostavno nestane iz BDP-a - dio sive ekonomije već je procijenjen i ugrađen u BDP jer statistički uredi automatski pokušavaju izračunati udio neprijavljene aktivnosti.